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Charges for Airports  &  Air Navigation Services The charges levied by Airports Authority of India (AAI) are under two broad heads -  Air Navigation Services (ANS)  Airport Services Air Navigation Services Route Navigation Facility Charges (RNFC) TERMINAL NAVIGATIONAL LANDING CHARGES (TNLC) RNFC for Landing Flights RNFC for Overflying RNFC for small aircrafts registered in India  Airport Services Landing Charges  Housing and Parking Charges  User Development Fees (UDF) Fuel Throughput Charges  Passenger Service Fees Extension of Service Hours (Airport)

Airport Planning  No credit for the Image used  Basic difficulties that airplane terminals need to face request the advancement of particular arranging and outline systems that move from building foundations in light of unforeseen needs, to a convenient and adaptable arranging of restoring and of new improvements. Expertise includes the following: Feasibility studies  Airport master planning  Landside/airside layout planning  Land-use planning  Airport cities planning  Multi-modal transport planning Environmental impact studies  Parking facilities planning  Passenger terminal planning and design Airside and landside facility planning and design Arranging and configuration administrations for new airside and landside zones, improvement and requalification. Airside facilities include :- Runways, aprons and taxiways  Aircraft parking layouts  Airline operational facilities  Fu...

Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System(IRNSS) Image Courtesy : quora.com The Indian regional navigation satellite system or IRNSS mission of Indian space agency ISRO.  It is intended to give exact position data administration to users in India and in addition the locale reaching out up to 1500 km from its limit, which is its essential administration range. An Extended Service Area lies between essential administration range and territory encased by the rectangle from Latitude 30 deg South to 50 deg North, Longitude 30 deg East to 130 deg East.  IRNSS will provide two types of services -Standard Positioning Service (SPS) which is given to every one of the users and Restricted Service (RS), which is a scrambled administration gave just to the approved users.  In April 2016,with the last launch of constellation satellite, IRNSS was renamed “NAVIC” by Indian Prime Minister ‘Narendra Modi’. NAVIC – Navigation with Indian Constellation. The total...

Top Government Space Agencies in the World  Six government space agencies -  Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) European Space Agency (ESA) China National Space Administration (CNSA) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Russian Federal Space Agency (RFSA or Roscosmos)  H ave full dispatch capacities; these incorporate the capacity to dispatch and recoup different satellites, send cryogenic rocket motors and work extraterrestrial tests. Only three currently operating government space agencies in the world - RFSA and the CNSA and NASA are capable of human spaceflight. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Indian Space Research Organisation is the space agency of government of India . It was established in August 15, 1969. ISRO is the fastest growing space agency in the world. It’s annual budget is $1.4 billion US dollars (2017-18 est.). ISRO was founded by Vikram Sarabhai and it’s hea...

International   airports  in   India Image Courtesy : mapsofindia.com No credit for the image used

Lightings of aircraft •Exterior Lighting •Interior Lighting •Emergency Lighting Exterior Lighting Image Courtesy : electroschematics.com •Specifically regulated by FAR (Federal Aviation Regulations) Landing lights (FAR 25.1383)  Position lights (FAR 25.1385-95)  Anti-collision light s (FAR 25.1401) Landing Lights Light for night landing On wing leading edge or landing gear 28 V DC or 115 V AC 600W  Taxi lights, 250W Position Lights    Also called Navigation lights Red on left    wingtip Green on right White on tail 28 V    DC or 115 V AC Notwithstanding the red and green lights, most planes are likewise fitted with other unfaltering white route lights in different areas. Huge carriers, specifically, will regularly have such lighting on the trailing edge of each wingtip. These lights are additionally some of the time put along the trailing edges of the horizontal tail. Another famous area is...

Aircraft Electrical Power •Batteries installation and operation •Electronics emergency equipment requirements •Cabin entertainment equipment  Batteries installation and operation Location Requirements Accessibility for Battery Maintenance and Removal  Protection from Engine Heat Protection from Mechanical damage Passenger Protection Air frame Protection  1. Accessibility for Battery Maintenance and Removal - Install and locate the battery so that it can be readily removed and re-installed.  The electrolyte level of the battery  needs frequent checking. 2. Protection from Engine Heat - The installation should protect the battery from extreme engine heat, which would be detrimental to the battery's service life and reliability. When locating the battery within the engine compartment, choose a location that will not interfere with the flow of engine cooling air. 3. Protection from Mechanical damage - Vibration and other shock lo...