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CHAPTER – 2 MICROORGANISMS FRIEND AND FOR REVISION NOTES Micro-organisms: Micro-organisms are too small and are not visible to the unaided eye. • They can survive under all types of environment, ranging from ice cold climate to hot springs and deserts to marshy lands. They are also found inside the bodies of animals including humans. • Micro-organisms are found in air, water and in the bodies of plants and animals. They may be unicellular or multicellular. • Micro-organisms are classified into four major groups. These groups are bacteria, fungi, protozoa and some algae. • Viruses are quite different from other micro-organisms. They reproduce only inside the host organism; bacterium, plant or animal cell. • Based on the significance, micro-organisms can be useful or harmful to us. Harmful effects of microorganisms: Bacteria: Causes various diseases such as typhoid, diarrhea, and cholera.  Fungi: Causes a large number of diseases in plants ...

CHAPTER – 1 CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT REVISION NOTES Crop: When plants of the same kind are grown and cultivated at one place on a large scale, it is called a crop. ➢ In India, crops can be broadly categorized into two types based on seasons - Rabi and Kharif crops. ➢ Sowing of seeds at appropriate depths and distances gives good yield. Good varieties of seeds are sown after selection of healthy seeds. Sowing is done by seed drills. ➢ Soil needs replenishment and enrichment through the use of organic manure and fertilizers. Use of chemical fertilizers has increased tremendously with the introduction of new crop varieties. ➢ The main tools used for tilling or ploughing are – Plough, Hoe, Cultivator Basic practices of crop production: (i) Preparation of Soil: One of the most important tasks in agriculture is to turn the soil and loosen it. The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing. (ii) Sowing: Sowing of seeds at ...